The Coconut palm is an essential component in the homestead system of farming on the west coast of India. high oil content of the endosperm (copra), which is widely used in both food and In 2013, the coconut industry contributed 4% to gross value added in agriculture (Aquino and Ani, Citation2016). Drought in Coconut gardens can be managed by adopting soil moisture conservation practices such as the burial of husk, application or composted coir pith, and FYM or farm waste in the Coconut basin by taking 20 to 30 cm trench in the basin area of 1.8 meters radius. If youd like to know more about our solutions please fill out the form below: document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. (April-October 1998). Renewable raw materials such as plant fibres and products, therefore, may have Tamil Nadu is the largest producer of Coconut in India and enjoys a share of 31% of total Coconut production in India. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. The Coconut palm is propagated by seeds. There is a high risk for those who depend on the coconut industry due to the fluctuating trend of production associated with the dynamic movement of world market prices (Faustino, Citation2006). << WebCopra meal (<33 percent), soybean oil cake (<35 percent), corn gluten meal (<20 percent), wheat gluten meal (<5 percent), cow pea (<15 percent), Semi-intensive systems normally stock over 8 000 fish per hectare. Copra cake contains approximately 19 to 22% protein. Karnataka May June is ideal for planting the seedlings. tonnes (70 per cent India, 27 per cent Sri Lanka) in 1996, while white fibre endobj /Im0 254 0 R For areas with the lower monsoon, Coconut plantation takes place right before Monsoon. Major Philippine exports and destination countries, 2016. New era for the coconut sector. Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below: If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. Figure 4. According to Agustin (Citation2005) and Faustino (Citation2006), exports of coconuts account for 80% of production and 20% are processed and consumed domestically. Coir fibres are extracted from the husks surrounding the Efficiently utilize natural resources like soil, water, sunlight, and nutrients. Multi-Tier System is a modern method of crop cultivation involving the planting of various trees and ease of mechanized operations. Y02{a08&a/ Save my name and email in this browser for the next time I comment. If modernization and production support is realized, then it is possible to hit 78 nuts/tree/year, considering the appropriate soil and management practices (Guzman, Citation2013). The total benefit from coconut is higher than the combination of the benefits from oil palm and rubber (Arancon, Citation1997; Javier, Citation2015; Nayar, Citation2017b; Prades et al., Citation2016). >> The average yield per hectare in coconut is 4.475 MT (Table 6). Based on these data and combined with the WebMean annual nut yield, husked nut weight and copra yieldof the different densities. Coconut products are the main exporting agricultural commodity in the Philippines. two per cent of the volume produced in 1997 to almost four per cent in 1998. biodegradation and a highly porous structure enables coir pith to absorb large A supply chain consists of all parties involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfilling a customers request. ?O_//uuY2qVg?njSga'w}7k?M3x?_ont3@?g n0uG.as}oy5aoqwC7zr7ty_~Yua5~e=4|9n??i]g'ty7: c\u'i f P> -1a'qy0#-df3QIT[v:Na'3ZObG52 K The price margins influence the decisions of private enterprises and government and the government regulations on agricultural distribution services (Timmer, Citation1987). In the international market, the industry has a flourishing, stable, and growing export and domestic markets but hindered by a poor global image of supply reliability. The country produces 15 types of coconut products, namely fresh coconut, copra, coconut oil, copra cake, desiccated coconut, coconut shell, shell charcoal, shell flour, coconut husk, mattress coir fiber, coir bristle, coir dusts and shots, whole nuts, husked coconuts, and coconut water. The following table presents global supply of copra meal (deoiled copra) for the past several years production, imports, exports, domestic consumption and ending stocks. The size of the seed nuts must be regular and medium with an oblong or round shape. WebCOPRA TERMS (MILLION MT) 1997 - 2.600 1998 - 2.500 1999 - 1.374 2000 - 2.572 2001 - 2.842 2002 - 2.315 2003 - 2.549 2004 - 2.377 2005 - 2.652 2006 - 2.554 2007 - 2.213 Trends in coconut product exports in the Philippines, 19612017 (FAO, Citation2018). Over 72.87 million MT of palm oil were produced. Its also important to note that there must be no water retention and proper drainage of water should be maintained. For an adult Coconut palm, 1 kg dolomite or 1 kg lime + 0.5 kg MgSO4 is required per annum. Multi-Tier System in High Density Coconut Planting would help the planter in increasing profit. There is no available irrigation system in coconut producing areas. Yield (Kilograms per hectare) Production (Thousand 480-lb Bales) Change in Production From Last Year; Commodity 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 2020/21 2021/22 Enables the mechanization of fruit crop production. global issues have increased the demand for environmentally benign products. Furthermore, high assembly costs due to poor farm-to-market roads and small-scale farms and multi-layered marketing channels contributed to the inefficiency of the supply chain. How do I view content? The dominant crops produced in the country with large share are banana, coconut, maize, rice, andsugarcane, which arealso known as the traditional crops of the country. Coconut oil is supplied from Philippines and Indonesia and the prices are CIF Rotterdam. The Philippines and Indonesia are major exporters, while the EU countries and USA are major importers. >> In 2016, the coconut industry contributed 22% of the total export earnings of agricultural products. /Linearized 1 The unit is in metric ton per hectare or kilograms per bearing tree. specific chemical and biological standards of pH, electrical conductivity and Pabuayon et al. 0000010929 00000 n A review of the future prospects for the world coconut industry and past research in coconut production and product, The world market for coconut production: An economic analysis from the perspective of the Philippines, Export competitiveness of the European Union in fruit and vegetable products in the global markets, Quality of institutions and the BRIC countries agro-food exports, An analysis of the economic policies affecting the Philippine coconut industry, The Philippine coconut industry: Performance, issues and recommendations, Facing the challenges of the Philippine coconut industry: The lifeblood of 3.4 million coconut farmers and farm workers, A review of welfare issues in the coconut industry, A clear and present danger in the Philippine coconut industry, Nonlinearities in the Slovenian apple price transmission, Literature review of the agricultural distribution services sector:Performance, efficiency and research issues, Enhancing supply chain connectivity and competitiveness of ASEAN agricultural products: Identifying choke points and opportunities for improvement. The industry in the Philippines shows strong interrelationships among the composition of three sectors: production, trading, and processing. In 2014, the area under coconut production was approximately 3.5 million hectares that led to the total coconut production of 14,696 million nuts and 2.217 Million Metric Tons (MMT) in copra equivalent. High density planting reduces labor cost resulting in low cost of production. investigated for drying, bleaching, softening and dyeing of fibre and yarn, and The beds should be drenched with chlorpyriphos by 0.05% before sowing to avoid termite problems. non-food industries (e.g. 1998 ). Fifty-one million out of 340 million Philippine coconut trees are old and need to be replaced. Coconuts rather its fresh white meat or kernel are commonly used in food preparations. Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (Citation2018). Registered in England & Wales No. High density facilitates the efficient use of fertilizers, water, fungicides, weedicides, and pesticides. 6 The coconut market is classified into two categories: (1) domestic market and (2) international market (Australian Center for International Agricultural Research, Citation2017). This study explores the coconut supply chains in the Philippines in order to provide recommendations for policy and future studies for the development of the coconut industry. price and on a scale where quality and supply can be guaranteed3 Gross domestic product, export competitiveness, and a countrys ability to satisfy the institutional quality requirement positively influence the exports of agricultural products (Bojnec and Fert, Citation2016; Bojnec et al., Citation2014). You have entered an incorrect email address! The The following table lists monthly average prices of coconut oil at Rotterdam for the years 2019-20 and 2020-21. g/nut) WebIt was estimated that net income per hectare of coconut farm was about US$240, assuming the yield of copra per hectare was 1.03 t, and price of copra was US$0.23 per kg. The use of dwarf trees and managing excessive vegetative development gives higher productivity and harvest index as well as early economic returns. close involvement of local governments, combined with investment by private The final section provides the conclusions and policy recommendations for the coconut supply chain and increasing production of coconut in the Philippines. The area planted of coconut covers 26% of the total agricultural land of the country. Mindanao region contributed 60.30% of the total 2016 country production, followed by Luzon region dominated by CALABARZON sub-region, and then Visayas region dominated by Eastern Visayas sub-region (Table 4). It is a determining factor in setting the market price. It is preferred due to its high Sunflower plant having the botanical name Helianthus annuus, is the source of one of the Procuring oil seeds of the best quality plays a vital role in oil extraction. Coir pith is also supplied from other production areas (e.g. It is notable that the decline of production starting year 2013 is affected by the strong typhoon in the country that destroyed most of the coconut trees (UCAP). In the country, the industry provides livelihood for one-third of the population. The wholesalers of coconut products and cereals form the majority of wholesalers of agricultural products (Intal and Ranit, Citation2001; Ponce, Citation2004). Coconut palm, i.e., Cocos nucifera L. (botanical name), serves many different functions in the regions where it is cultivated. Yearly average prices of copra at the port of Rotterdam (The Netherlands) have been reported. There are 750,000 ha planted to senile trees and 490,000 ha to nutrient-deficient trees. In these countries millions of people make a living from the coconut palm 0000000971 00000 n << However, the share of coconut in agriculture production is 7%. It is the largest employer of agricultural land and labor in the Philippines (Clarete and Roumasset, Citation1983). Coconuts are planted on the coasts where they are most adaptive to saline conditions and on hillsides where they provide essential ecological services, as the next best substitute for the vegetative cover of the original tropical rain forest. This calls for the modernization of coconut production by empowering the farmers and developing the manufacturing sector of the country. A large number of alternative end uses for coir based products They are not given that attention to develop and empower as entrepreneurs in the coconut industry. The Coconut tree must be a regular bearer that forms at least one leaf and inflorescence every month. However, the yield may change from season to season. Table 3. In most areas coir is a by-product of copra production, and A producer price is the average price or unit value received by farmers in the domestic market for a specific agricultural commodity produced within a specified 12-month period. The major product coconut oil, apart from being edible oil used in cooking, also has a wide range of applications in cosmetics, personal care and medical treatment. The farmer depends on the price dictated by the traders. Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page Table 1. The supply chains are characterized by limited information flows to the downstream channel members resulting in high marketing costs.