The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. This situation had led to the loss of many species. London, SW7 2QJ, In Nigeria reclaimed land is used to build residential quarters, road network, vegetation production, grazing, recreation, shopping complex and refuse disposal site. The Government also ordered the immediate cessation of all ongoing works, construction, reclamation and other similar activities in respect of extension approvals granted or being processed at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. Also the Project Director, Arctic Infrastructure (AI), Mr. Lookman Oshodi, observed that in a city like Lagos where the per square kilometre of land available to a resident is relatively small, physical development is in spread form and cohesive approach to organise the city is not adequate, leading to competition over space which gives the outlook of the winner takes all. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. Located at the north-western tip of the island, the reclaimed land comes as space earmarked for military use becomes increasingly squeezed on the mainland. It is noteworthy that Songo International Business District also in South Korea which is reputed to be the largest private development in the country is built on a reclaimed land in the area of Incheon waterfront. Creating an artificial island is an expensive and risky undertaking. This is because of land expansion activities such as urban development. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. This estimate was made using Arc GIS [9]. Ben Ayade for allowing a level playing field at the Cross River North senatorial election of Feb. 25. In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . Mangrove vegetation is the dominant species found at the interface between the land and the sea. This could lead to the reduction in species composition and diversity of aquatic resources. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) section is a part of the department's Land Reclamation Program which also administers Missouri's reclamation laws for active mines. The entry of big machinery into the swamp had added more stress to the coast by destroying many soil-dwelling and benthic organisms. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Land is regarded in this area as the best form of asset investment because of the prestige attached to its ownership. Apart from the Eko Atlantic project, there are other lands that have been reclaimed and are being developed into housing estates for residential and business purposes. Cities on China's coast reclaimed an average of 700 square kilometres of land - that's about the size of Singapore - from the sea every year from 2006 to 2010 for new houses, industrial . According to him, the ideal way is for the Ministries of Waterfront Infrastructure Development and Physical Planning and Urban Development to lead a Lagos Lagoon Management Plan, a 30-year master plan that will detail the usage, preservation and envision what Lagos Lagoon will look like in the next three decades. Invasion: this is as a result of the migration of people into coastal communities in search of new technologies that provide job opportunities. We use various techniques to reclaim land and protect shorelines using our state-of-the-art fleet of dredging vessels and specialized equipment. In the same vein the wheel of the bulldozers fragments the soil particles and makes it porous and prone to leaching or wind erosion. These areas are naturally covered with water during high tides, but are filled with soil and consolidated to prevent tidal flooding during high tide. Terrestrial land form eventually evolves from an aquatic environment after solidification. African Development Bank Group (http://www.AfDB.org) President Dr.Akinwumi Adesina has appointed Senegals former minister Amadou Hott, as his Special Envoy and global champion for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa (AGIA). It is the forceful or legal takeover of coastal area by individuals or government officials. Despite the negative consequences of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it can add some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities. Continuous mining leads to the deformation of the coast lines and the destruction of aquatic organisms, which results in extinction of species. I am saying this because I know several businessmen and a diplomat from Nigeria who were scammed. The warm shallow waters of the continental shelves are most biologically productive and support the greatest species diversity. It is the returning of lands to an improved state. There's money to be made in moving land to the right place. Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. Dredged and sand filled areas in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . Another example is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). It is the returning of lands to an improved state. Our team is growing all the time, so were always on the lookout for smart people who want to help us reshape the world of scientific publishing. This method is suitable for granular fill. By, this, the land reclaimed is therefore known as reclamation ground or land fill. Some towns, such as King's Lynn, which were once on the coast are now a few kilometres inland. Expansion of creeks allow for navigational activities, commerce and construction. People participation is very important in landscape reclamation because it would provide a consensus view on land use to the host community [19]. A study found land-reclamation projects shrank the number of mangroves in Tubli Bay, off Bahrain's east coast. Over population is a major factor that had led to the extension of cities beyond coastal limits. This is because their adventitious root system traps sediments during tidal flow, and accumulate it over a long period of time. Books > This indicates the significance of top soil in the restoration of a reclaimed site. These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. On its right is the popular Isale Eko, an. Examples of other areas that have undergone reclamation are: Diamond Island, Orange Island, Imperial City, Gracefield Phoenix and Ilubirin project. He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. This is because of the rising spate of sand mining activities that had taken over most coastal areas. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. This involves the conversion of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. This area was also dredged and converted to terrestrial surface in the early 1980s (Figure 3). Once the bulldozer rolls in to mow down the mangroves, it creates depressions for tidal pressure to wash in ashore. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. This leads to the impairment of the health of aquatic and terrestrial organisms around the reclaimed area. Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. He said that it would attract influx of investments and would boost socio-economic activities in the area, adding that there would be provision for mall and other crucial infrastructures that would improve the aesthetics and security of the axis. by Revolva ( m ): 1:58pm On Jul 18 , 2020 This is because such activities lead to the clearing of the mangrove forest and other coastal vegetation. The method is mostly regarded as the simplest one. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. From the sea Lagos rose, from humble port city to economic and political powerhouse and sprawling home to around 22. Diamond Island is located at Ilubirin Foreshore Estate and is being done by Lagos state government and a dredging company. The country features 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, which is known as Abuja.The country of Nigeria features over five hundred different ethnic groups, many different languages, and declared its independence from the United Kingdom on October 1, 1960. Examples of Land Reclamation The business district of Cebu City in the Philippines, Most of the coastline of the bustling Indian city of Mumbai, the Barceloneta area in Barcelona, Spain and Battery Park City in Manhattan, New York are all prominent examples of reclaimed land. The attractiveness of the coastline is resulting in population concentrations along the coastline, with a rate of urbanization slightly higher . Similarly, reckless and indiscriminate hunting in opened forest reduces population and thus reduces species diversity, which may lead to extinction of some species. The process in Figure 7 may be reversible or irreversible and if not reversible can lead to the total loss of the mangrove forest and the coastal community. Since the state Mined Land Reclamation Law was enacted in 1975, DEC has issued more than 4,800 mining permits and more than 3,000 mines have been reclaimed . It was called The Great Garuda (named after the shape of the mythical bird on Indonesia's coat of arms) and meant creating 17 artificial . It also involves the establishment of well heads and booth camps. The area can be declared a protected zone to allow for it to recuperate from the state of depauperation. Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. Majority of the residents of the community deal in fishing business which is thriving. Concrete bases are constructed on this platform to carry the pipes from the drilling point, which may be at an off-shore or on-shore site to the refinery. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nations commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. Chapter 6Reclamation Methods6.1 DRY METHOD6.2 HYDRAULIC RECLAMATION METHOD6.3 REHANDLING FROM A REHANDLING PIT6.4 HYDRAULIC FILLING6.5 SAND SPREADING6.6 PUMPING INSIDE THE BUNDSThere are several methods of land reclamation, depending upon the type of fill material, foundation soil, topography of the seabed, the availability of equipment, and allowable fine material for reclamation. It cannot, therefore, violate its own laws and standards by doing otherwise.. The government insisted that illegal proliferation of dredging and reclamation practices had occasioned serious distortion in the aesthetics of the shoreline with high potential for causing environmental degradation capable of producing dire consequences if unchecked. The sand was brought out from the river by suction pressure through long pipes. It also changes the coastal structure and lead to flooding of upland areas. According to him, artificial land reclamation activities have been an age-long war between man and nature, noting that Lagos state government needs to get things right and be careful as the exercise could lead to disastrous consequence. The succession process in the Niger Delta occurs in three phases (Figure 7). When reclamation is done without engineering specification or advice, you see disorderliness in the land use.. This is a natural ecological restoration. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. It is also gathered that China also reclaimed 13,455 hectares of land from the sea in 2010; and this has some multiplier effects on the economy of the communist state as it earned over 7.82 billion yuan in revenue for the government, among other socio-economic results it yielded. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. Over half of Nigeria's population live in rural areas -- 52% to be exact. In the course of this period a small outlet was created by the side of the sand filled area, which allowed the entry of river water into the sand filled area during high tide. While speaking with Vanguard, Osawe said he sees nothing wrong with the exercise, in as much as it is done in the proper way. Land reclamation in the Niger Delta passes through five phases, which in all ramifications affect the environment. Nigeria, officially known as the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a country that is located on the western coast of Africa. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Together the system of management is called ecosystem management, which is a way of managing reserve to benefit biodiversity and people. In a preliminary study conducted in the sand dredged area, soil samples were collected for physico-chemical analysis at three sites (T1, T2 and T3) from the back of the sand filled area to the entrance of the sand fill area (Figure 8). The solidified area is used as a platform for construction activities. How? The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. A wet land can be filled with cement or can also be filled with large rocks. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. You have entered an incorrect email address! The soil chemistry is also affected by the manures and fertilizers that come from the farm and the waste from fish ponds. 5. The African Development Bank, Africa Union and Africa50 launched the Alliance during COP27 last November with global partners: the African Union Development Agency, the. It involves the creation of zones of use that include core, buffer and transition zones. Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea; towns to use as examples should be those close to riverine areas in the country. On the Ejigbo development, Dr. Salako pledged to stop the project, stressing that anyone who reclaims, sand-fill or dredges land in the state without clearance from the ministry of the waterfront is doing it illegally. For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. But when it becomes rampant and reckless, the people must resist it because usurping natural settings could be disastrous in the long run, he said. The sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand to buyers. They gradually occupy the area through seedling recruitment process. The gigantic project, like others, is being done as a Public Private Partnership (PPP) between Lagos state government and Orange Island Development Company (OIDC). In 2014, an area measuring 100m50m was dredged and sand filled. Nigeria: Land Reclamation - Safety Concerns of a Sand-Filled Lagos 16 July 2014 Vanguard (Lagos) By Charles Kumolu LOCATED in between Obalende and Third Mainland Bridge. Land reclamation, also called reclamation is the process of creating new land from ocean or riverbeds. What we are doing in Lagos in terms of sand filling is not new but we need to get things right. The system of reclaiming land can be achieved through various methods. But a land or coastal area that has been plundered and polluted may loss its economic value [2]. Morewood Property after reclamation, now a golf course. Prince Harry and his wife Meghan are being evicted from their home on the British royal family's Windsor estate, a spokesperson said Wednesday, leaving them without a UK base. Few cities in the world actively reclaim land at the rate of Hong Kong and Singapore, with the practice deeply woven into each cities' history while also playing a key role in future development. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. The causes of land reclamation in the Niger Delta are grouped into two: (1) direct and (2) indirect causes. On the Eko Atlantic project, the Managing Director of South Energyx Ltd., David Frame said that the project has been fortified with a wall known as The Great Wall of Lagos, adding that the wall has the capability to ward off flood storms in hundreds/thousand years. The problem is that mangroves provide numerous ecosystem services to the local people while the palms provide no ecosystem service to the people. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. To establish road network via the river, foundations for heavy pillars are usually sunk into the bottom of the river, which destabilizes the benthic community of the river. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. ( See also city; urban planning .) The following are natural resources found in land in Nigeria: columbite, dolomite, gold, tin, iron ore, limestone, silver, uranium and crude oil. by SurefireFashion: 11:32pm On Mar 17, 2017 following Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. Jakarta, the fastest sinking city in the world, made a plan in 2014 to tackle rising sea levels and subsidence. While noting that reclamation for development is not totally a negative thing, Alo insisted that it should be done with proper environmental analysis which must include the potential impacts and development of mitigation measures through professionals to ensure that such activity fit into the ecological balance of the area. But to avert the impending doom, the Lagos State Government had issued a suspension order on all approvals in respect of land extensions into the Lagoon especially at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. So, they use a quote in the Bible which says a man has been given dominion status to justify the claim. Surrounding areas of the swamps are usually dredged and sand-filled to enable it to support the mounting of crude oil well head and the laying of pipelines (Figure 5). In October 2021, DEC prepared, . Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. Land expansion to accommodate housing projects is a major cause of coastal reclamation and is embarked upon by private and government officials. Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. Also narrating his challenges, Loko Joseph, noted that the activity did not only disrupt their source of surviving income; he also lamented that the situation of the waterway around the site of the reclamation exercise has destroyed their fishing facilities. These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. Rural areas, which consist mostly of low-density grid cells (<300 inhabitants per km 2 ). Land reclamation has been a common practice to produce valuable land in coastal areas. Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. If done in an organised manner, I believe nobody will complain. The impact of land reclamation on coastal environment and marine ecology is well recognized and widely studied. Accumulation of dredged spoil converts the swamp to terrestrial area and also changes the physico-chemistry of the coasts [3]. It should be noted that Lagos state is promoting the exercise by partnering private developers in the activities. Answer this Battery Park City is atop sand shipped from Staten Island. Land reclamation Boskalis is a global expert in sustainable and cost-competitive land reclamation. 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