In a 5-4 opinion, the Supreme Court ruled that the shape of the proposed district in North Carolina was bizarre enough that it could not be explained as anything other than an attempt to separate voters along racial lines. Learn more aboutthe other free response questions on the AP U.S. Government and Politics exam. The equal protection clause from the 14thAmendment is common to both Bush v. Vera and Shaw v. Reno. for all other feedback, comments, requests for technical support, and other communications relating to the Website. Five of the eight Justices who participated in the decision resolved the case under the framework the Court previously had adopted for vote-dilution cases. You understand that we cannot and do not guarantee or warrant that files available for downloading from the internet or the Website will be free of viruses or other destructive code. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. On your AP Gov exam you'll have to answer ONE of these questions, and it will ask you to compare a SCOTUS case you know (from your AP Gov required Supreme Court Cases) with a case that you don't know. The general assembly took another look at the maps and drew in a second majority-minority district in the north-central region of the state, along Interstate 85. Did North Carolina violate the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment when it established a second majority-minority district through racial gerrymandering, in response to a request from the attorney general? The Supreme Court continues to hear cases about gerrymandering and racially motivated districts. These content standards apply to any and all User Contributions and use of Interactive Services. YOU ALSO GIVE UP YOUR RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS ACTION OR OTHER CLASS PROCEEDING. 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Terms and Conditions Additional terms and conditions may also apply to specific portions, services, or features of the Website. Hopefully those cards I made the students create did the trick. Tom Richey delves deeper into the facts of the case in this video: FACTS OF THE CASE It is simply not plausible for the white voters here to argue that the white majoritys influence over the political process has been canceled out. Shelby County v. Holder: Supreme Court Case, Arguments, Impact, What Is Redistricting? Press & Media Please read Marco Learning's Terms and Conditions, click to agree, and submit at the bottom of the window. We may disable all or any social media features and any links at any time without notice in our discretion. . 13-5). No big whoop. (FRQ) on every exam that will require students to compare the facts, issue, arguments, or decisions in one of the required case to a non-required case. Shaw v Reno FRQ. In addition, the Court concluded that to permit this would be to make the professed doctrines of religious belief superior to the law of the land, and in effect to permit every citizen to become a law unto himself, perhaps leading to claiming practices like human sacrifice as protected religious actions. which students analyze a visual source The . Answer: 1. Justice OConnor noted that there are some rare circumstances where a law can appear racially neutral, but cannot be explained through anything but race; North Carolinas reapportionment plan fell into this category. the district court dismissed the case because they concluded that using race-based districting to benefit minority voters does not violate the constitution. 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Dont know about you folks, but FRQ style #4 has had me rattled since they came out with it. Give the impression that they emanate from or are endorsed by us or any other person or entity, if this is not the case. The case established that any legislative redistricting must be strictly scrutinized and that any laws related to racially motivated redistricting must be held to narrow standards and compelling government interests. Looks like we all should have shown it (or parts of it). You are responsible for (i) making all arrangements necessary for you to have access to the Website, and (ii) ensuring that all persons who access the Website through your internet connection are aware of these Terms of Use and comply with them. Identify a constitutional clause that is common to both Bush v. Vera (1996) and Shaw v. Reno (1993). 2021 Syllabus Development Guide AP U S Government and Politics SYLLABUS DEVELOPMENT GUIDE AP U S Government and Politics The guide contains the following information Curricular Requirements The curri[.] Under the Voting Rights Act, the State had to get approval for any congressional redistricting plan. The decision of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina is reversed and remanded. Introduce any viruses, Trojan horses, worms, logic bombs, or other material that is malicious or technologically harmful. NEITHER THE COMPANY NOR ANY PERSON ASSOCIATED WITH THE COMPANY MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WITH RESPECT TO THE COMPLETENESS, SECURITY, RELIABILITY, QUALITY, ACCURACY, OR AVAILABILITY OF THE WEBSITE. You hereby irrevocably consent to the jurisdiction of those courts for such purposes. Congress had amended the VRA in 1982 to target "vote dilution" in which members of a specific racial minority were spread thin across a district to decrease their ability to ever gain a voting majority. Reno SCOTUS FRQ 1. Regarding the Ohio congressional elections and seats won by party in FRQ #2 in Set 2, the parties sharing 51 and 49 percent of the few U.S. House seats seemed mathematically impossible to me. COVID-19 Updates The District Court, on remand, must determine whether there is racial gerrymandering, and if so, determine whether the plan is narrowly tailored to further a compelling governmental interest. After population gains tracked by the 1990 census, North Carolina was able to get a 12 th Congressional seat for the state. No right, title, or interest in or to the Website or any content on the Website is transferred to you, and all rights not expressly granted are reserved by the Company. The U.S. Supreme Court acknowledged probable jurisdiction. You agree to notify us immediately of any unauthorized access to or use of your user name or password or any other breach of security. In reading it again, the prompt asks for the structural barrier, and if theres only one here, its voter registration. You may use the Website only for lawful purposes and in accordance with these Terms of Use. b. You agree not to link from any other website to this Website in any manner such that the Website, or any page of the Website, is framed, surrounded or obfuscated by any third party content, materials or branding. Released FRQs, May 2021 - USGOPO.Com Released FRQs, May 2021 Monthly Report David Wolfford: The Released FRQs Whew! What could be more essential to the course, and fairer in terms of expectation. Majority-Minority Area A jurisdiction in which one or more racial minorities constitute the majority of that areas population. Active Learning Template Nursing Skill form Therapeutic Communication, Ch. Legislation that classifies a person or group of people solely based on their race is, by its nature, a threat to a system that strives to achieve equality, the majority opined. Nearly every teen taking this exam is familiar with Taylor Swift and Mark Zuckerberg. To impersonate or attempt to impersonate the Company, a Company employee, another user, or any other person or entity (including, without limitation, by using email addresses or screen names associated with any of the foregoing). Since court case backgrounds and holdings are nuanced, pay very close attention to the details and reasoning of the new case. You will be asked to compare one of the required cases (for which no information will be provided) with a case that is presented to you on the exam. The general assembly drafted a re-apportionment plan that created one Black-majority district. . Match. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. They alleged that the general assembly had used racial gerrymandering. For instance, you could be asked how citizens could react to a ruling with which they disagree. Students in AP Gov't and Politics are required to know both cases as part of the cannon of cases and the precedents set as part of the course standards. No waiver by the Company of any term or condition set out in these Terms of Use shall be deemed a further or continuing waiver of such term or condition or a waiver of any other term or condition, and any failure of the Company to assert a right or provision under these Terms of Use shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. Question 3 of the AP U.S. Government and Politics free response section is the SCOTUS Comparison FRQ. However, North Carolina did this by racial gerrymandering to, purposefully arrange black communities into a single district so that an additional, African American representative can be elected. Did the North Carolina voters raise a valid Equal Protection claim that the State created a racially gerrymandered congressional district? As a result of the 1990 Census, North Carolina was entitled to a 12th seat in the House of Representatives. Youll see a similar example on p. 176 in the AMSCO book. Terminate or suspend your access to all or part of the Website for any or no reason, including without limitation, any violation of these Terms of Use. You will have 100 minutes to write your responses for all four of the questions. Only two years after Shaw v. Reno, the same five Supreme Court justices explicitly stated that racial gerrymandering violated the 14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause in Miller v. Johnson. In 1982, however, the Buckeye State sent 21. Link to any part of the Website other than the homepage. 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Reynolds argued that it was his religious duty to marry multiple wives, and thus the practice should be protected under the First Amendment. Test. Note a couple of the successful features of the high-scoring sample response: One point for explaining why the facts in both cases led to different holdings. Based on the information given, respond to Parts A, B, and C. (A) Identify the constitutional clause that is common to both Reynolds v. United States (1879) and Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972). The History of the case Who won at the trial court level? This website is operated by Marco Learning LLC, a New Jersey limited liability company with an address of 113 Monmouth Road, Suite 1, Wrightstown, New Jersey 08562. Shaw v. Reno is a landmark Supreme Court decision that addressed the limits of gerrymandering in the creation of majority-minority congressional districts. You acknowledge and agree that we have no control over the contents, products, services, advertising or other materials which may be provided by or through those Linked sites or resources, and accept no responsibility for them or for any loss or damage that may arise from your use of them. User Contributions must in their entirety comply with all applicable federal, state, local, and international laws and regulations. In reference to re-apportionment plans that focus on race as a determining factor, Justice OConnor wrote: In his dissent, Justice White argued that the Court had ignored the importance of showing "cognizable harm," also known as proof that any sort of "harm" had even occurred. Spitzer, Elianna. The dialyzer is a series of hollow Skip to document Sign inRegister Sign inRegister Home Ask an ExpertNew My Library In both cases the court reviewed redistricting due to race, in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution. 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